Ashiztooambitious

Monday, January 17, 2011

Understanding Command Prompt

Step 1: Understanding Command Prompt
- The Command Prompt environment is very different from Windows Explorer, but remember that it is simply another way to access and move your files. Once you're familiar with the ways in which Command Prompt differs from the more visually familiar Windows Explorer it will be much easier to get started with the basic commands for Command Prompt. The two most important differences to prepare for:
There are no icons, only text!
1. Everything is represented by text. You see where a file is based on its location in a list, which is itself contained in a folder.
2. Think of Command Prompt's display like navigating Windows Explorer under the Details view. If you're unfamiliar with this view, try it out before you take a crack at Command Prompt.
  - -In Windows Vista, open up any folder and there will be a pull-down menu marked Views. SelectDetails.
  - -In Windows XP or earlier, open up any folder and there will be a View tab in the toolbar at the top of the window. Click it and select Details.
3. Move around your hard drive in the Details view and get comfortable looking at your folders and files as text-only filenames rather than icons.
There is no clicking, only typing!
1. This isn't 100% true, since some shortcuts will have you clicking a little bit (we'll cover them later with other, more advanced features). But these are merely exceptions to the basic rule that there will be no clicking.
2. Navigating folders and managing your files will be done strictly through text commands once you get into Command Prompt.
3. It might help to go back to the Details view in Windows Explorer and experiment with using your files with as few mouse clicks as possible. Practice a few mouse-less techniques:
  1. The box at the top of the window which displays the folder's location on your hard drive is called the Address Bar.
    -Try moving to different folders by typing their location into the Address Bar and hitting Enter.
  2. Move to parts of the window that you cannot arrow into by using the Tab key.
    -If you are in the file list and want to get to the Address Bar, pressing Tab to cycle through the different parts of the window until you get to the Address Bar.
  3. Selecting multiple files that are next each other in the list:
    -Press and hold Shift, then use the Up and Down arrow keys to highlight more files.
    
    -Let go of Shift when you have all the files that you want.
  4. Selecting multiple files that are scattered throughout the list:
    -Press and hold Ctrl, then use the Up and Down arrow keys to get to move around the list.
    
    -When you get to a file you want to select, press Spacebar to add it to the group.
    
    -Let go of Ctrl when you have all the files that you want.
Step 2: Opening Command Prompt
- Command Prompt is included in all versions of Windows, but you will open it in different ways depending on which version. This is the only difference though; once Command Prompt is opened, you will be using it the same way no matter what version you're running.
- Through the Start Menu:
1. Click on Start.
2. Open the Accessories folder.
3. Select Command Prompt.
- If for any reason you cannot find the folder, you can also open it manually:
- In Windows Vista:
  1. Click on Start.
  2. In the Start Search box, enter cmd
- In Windows XP or earlier:
  1. Click on Start.
  2. Click on Run and enter cmd.
- Command Prompt will start you off in your Windows Profile's default folder (C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\ in both Vista and XP). But if you already have a specific folder in mind that you need to get to, you can save a little navigation time with a Windows Vista trick uncovered by a developer:
1. While holding the Shift key, right click on any folder.
2. The menu that opens up will have an extra option marked Open Command Prompt Here.
3. Command Prompt will open, pre-navigated to the folder which you right-clicked.
Step 3: Using Basic Commands
- Before you start tooling around, Command Prompt includes a help command that you should consult. Typing help will bring up a list of all its valid commands. And from here, typing help COMMAND NAMEwill give you more information about the specified command. But since the help function seems intended as a brief refresher, here is a proper introduction to the important basic commands.
Navigation
1. dir will display the contents of your current folder.
  - If there is too much to fit on the screen at once, use dir /p to go through the contents one page at a time.
2. cd FOLDERNAME (or chdir FOLDERNAME) will access the specified folder. Note that you can only access files or other folders that are within your current folder.
  - Example: If you are at C:\ and you want to access C:\BIGFOLDER\TARGETFOLDER\
    -Enter cd BIGFOLDER to get to C:\BIGFOLDER\
    
    -Now enter cd TARGETFOLDER to get to C:\BIGFOLDER\TARGETFOLDER\
3. cd.. will move you up one folder.
  - Example: If you are at C:\BIGFOLDER\TARGETFOLDER\
    -Enter cd.. to bring you up to C:\BIGFOLDER\
4. cd\ will bring you back to the root directory regardless of what folder you are currently in.
  - Example: If you are at C:\BIGFOLDER\TARGETFOLDER\
    -Enter cd\ to bring you back to C:\
5. X: will change to another attached hard-drive or partition (where X is the letter name).
  - Example: If you are at any folder in C:\
    -Enter D: to get to D:\
6. exit will close the Command Prompt window regardless of what folder you are in.
File Operations
1. del (or delete) will delete a specified file.
  - Note that it deletes your file immediately and does not send it to the Recycle Bin first. So be sure of what you want to delete.
2. copy will put a copy of the input file to the specified output folder.
  - Example: If you want to copy a file named test.txt
    -Enter copy c:\LOCATION\test.txt c:\LOCATION2\
    
    -Note that this will keep a copy in C:\LOCATION\ as well as place another copy of it in C:\LOCATION2\
3. move will move an input file to the specified output folder.
  - Example: If you want to move a file named test.txt
    -Enter move c:\LOCATION\test.txt c:\LOCATION2\
    
    -Note that unlike the copy command, move will not keep a copy in the original location. Now test.txt will only exist in C:\LOCATION2\
4. ren (or rename) will rename a file to a specified new filename.
  - Example: If you have a file named test.txt
    -Enter ren C:\LOCATION\test.txt testing.txt
    
    -Now, test.txt has become testing.txt
Folder Operations
1. The copy, move, and rename commands all work the same way with folders as they do with files.
2. del will delete all the files contained within a folder.
  - Note that it does not delete the folder itself, nor any folders within it, only files.
  - Example: You have a folder C:\LOCATION\ that contains a text file test.txt and a subfolder \SUBLOCATION\
    -Enter del C:\LOCATION, and test.txt will be gone, while \SUBLOCATION\ is still there, and completely unaltered
3. rd (or rmdir) is how you delete a specified folder.
  - Note that it must be empty, or else the command will not work.
4. md (or mkdir) will create a folder at a specified location.
  - Example: You have a folder C:\LOCATION\ with nothing in it
    -Enter md C:\LOCATION\Folder to create \Folder\ within C:\LOCATION\
- There are a few more advanced commands that Command Prompt accepts but, depending on your needs, you may or may not want to delve quite that deeply.
Step 4: Using Keyboard Shortcuts
- Despite the bare-bones nature of Command Prompt, there are still plenty of helpful hotkeys and built-in tools designed to minimize the otherwise silly amounts of typing you'll need to do in order to perform many tasks.
Arrow Keys
1. Left arrow will move the cursor, like in a word processor. This way you can edit your command without having to delete what you've already typed.
2. Right arrow will rebuild the last command you entered, character by character.
3. The Up and Down arrows will cycle through previously entered commands.
Function Keys
- Each of the Function Keys (F1-F9) recall your previously entered commands in different ways. While a couple of them are very similar to the arrow keys, many of them are notably more advanced:
1. F3 will immediately display your last entered command so you don't have to rebuild it one character at a time.
2. F7 will list your command history in a menu so you can select a particular entry.
  - -Alt-F7 will clear your command history which is useful if you only want to track a certain series of entries
3. F8 will cycle through your previously entered commands. But unlike the Up and Down shorctuts, if you specify a few characters F8 will only cycle through commands that begin with that string.
  - -Example: If you type cd, F8 will cycle through all your Change Directory commands.
The Tab Key
- Tab will cycle through the items in your current directory.
  - -Similar to F8, you can specify a few characters to cycle only through the items that start with a specific name.
Give Command Prompt a Makeover
- If you're planning on using it more often, it will soon be obvious that Command Prompt isn't going to win any beauty pageants. At least not in its default state. Thankfully, it is flexibly designed so you cancustomize the display settings to make the program both easier on the eyes and more efficient, too.
1. Open a Command Prompt window and click on the icon in the top left corner.
2. Click on Properties to bring up a customization menu
3. In this menu, you can change things like font size and background color to suit your taste.
4. It also contains a few handy technical options. Of particular importance:
  1. Editing the Command History Buffer Size will increase the number of commands you can recall with the arrow keys.
  2. Editing the Screen Buffer Size will allow you to scroll back further in the Command Prompt window so you can keep track of what you've been doing.
5. When you've dolled up your Command Prompt window to your liking, make sure to save the changes!
  1. Close the Properties menu.
  2. A dialog box titled Apply Properties will pop up.
  3. Select Save properties for futures windows with same title.
The Wildcard Operator
- * (the asterisk symbol) is called the wildcard operator, an evocative name for a powerful tool. Proper use of the wildcard will allow you to apply a file or folder command over multiple targets at once. For example, if you wanted to delete all the files in a folder that contain the string "photo" in the filename, you would have to do a lot of squinting and clicking in Windows Explorer. With the wildcard operator in Command Prompt, you can use a single command to do the same thing. Placing the wildcard in different places in text will target specific portions of text:
1. Wildcarding all targets ending with certain letters:
  - Example: You have a folder of music in both .mp3 and .wma format, and need to delete all the .wmafiles
    -Navigate to the specific folder with your MP3s and WMAs.
    
    -Enter DEL *.wma and only mp3 files will remain in the directory.
2. Wildcarding all targets starting with certain letters:
  - Example: You want to move to your Documents and Settings from C:\
    -Enter CD Doc* and you will be directed to C:\Documents and Settings
    Note that you have to provide enough letters to specify a unique target name. If you had another folder in C: called Doctors, you would have to enter at least CD Docu* to specify a unique folder
3. Wildcarding all targets containing certain letters:
  - Example: You want to list all the files in a folder that have the word "photo" in the filename
    -Enter DIR *photo* and you will see a list of all the files, regardless of format, that have "photo" in the name
Troubleshoot Your Wireless Network
- Networking on your computer already seems like weird, alien magic, so it should be no big surprise that Command Prompt, itself rather unfamiliar to most users, is a common tool in troubleshooting your network settings. The command ipconfig has a number of different uses in managing your network settings in Windows.
- Regardless of your current folder in Command Prompt, typing ipconfig will display your network information, including your local and network IP Address. There are also a few additional features built into the command that are commonly used in troubleshooting networks:
  - ipconfig /all will display more information about both the network and your computer's specific network settings.
  - ipconfig /release will clears out any network IP addresses associated with your computer.
  - ipconfig /renew will reinitialize your IP address on your network.
    -Running ipconfig /release and then ipconfig /renew is a basic step that is commonly recommendedto fix an unresponsive network connection.
Run Command Line Software
Lots of specialized software, especially among the open-source, home-brewed software crowd, does not include a GUI that you can access from your Windows Desktop. There's an abundance of software that needs to be run through command line.

Forcibly Delete Files
- Another neat trick that Command Prompt has come to be known for is the ability to help you delete difficult files. If you have a file that Windows insists is in use by another program when you know that it isn't, or cannot be accessed when you know it can, the DEL command can help you get around this common problem in Windows.

Commands Used in Command Prompt

Commands Used in Command Prompt
If you want to know commands used in Command Prompt, just type "help" and you will get the following commands with their description.

ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations.
AT Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
CALL Calls one batch program from another.
CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number.
CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitio
CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the
current drive.
COPY Copies one or more files to another location.
DATE Displays or sets the date.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates m
ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
ERASE Deletes one or more files.
EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differ
between them.
FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FINDSTR Searches for strings in files.
FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension assoc
GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in
batch program.
GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in grap
mode.
HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands.
IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
MD Creates a directory.
MKDIR Creates a directory.
MODE Configures a system device.
MORE Displays output one screen at a time.
MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another direct
PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved b
PRINT Prints a text file.
PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it.
RD Removes a directory.
RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
REN Renames a file or files.
RENAME Renames a file or files.
REPLACE Replaces files.
RMDIR Removes a directory.
SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files
SORT Sorts input.
START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or comma
SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter.
TIME Displays or sets the system time.
TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or p
TYPE Displays the contents of a text file.
VER Displays the Windows version.
VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written
correctly to a disk.
VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
XCOPY Copies files and directory trees.

Sunday, January 9, 2011

IPL4 AUCTION 2011 ( 8-9 January 2011)

IPL4 AUCTION 2011 (8-9 January 2011)

Kolkata Knight Riders:
Gautam Gambhir
Yusuf Pathan
Jacques Kallis
Manoj Tiwary
Shakib al Hasan
Eoin Morgan
Brad Haddin
James Pattinson

Ryan ten Doeschate
Jaidev Unadkat
Laxmi Balaji

Royal Challengers Bangalore:
Saurabh Tiwary
AB de Villiers
Zaheer Khan
Cheteswar Pujara
Tilakratne Dilshan
Dirk Nannes
Daniel L Vettori

Mohammed Kaif
Jonathan Vandiar
Abhimanyu Mithun
Charl Langeveldt
Luke Pomersbach
Johan Van der Wath
Rilee Rossouw
Nuwan Pradeep

Kings XI Punjab:
David Hussey
Dinesh Karthik
Adam Gilchrist
Piyush Chawla
Praveen Kumar
Abhishek Nayar
Stuart Broad
Ryan Harris
Nathan Rimmington
Dimitri Macheranus

Delhi Daredevils:
Irfan Pathan
David Warner
Matthew Wade
Morne Morkel
James Hopes
Aaron Finch
Naman Ojha
Colin Ingram
Travis Birt
Andrew McDonald
Venugopal Rao
Van der Merwe
Umesh Yadav
Ashok Dinda
Ajit Agarkar

Decan Chargers:
Dale Steyn
Cameron White
Kumar Sangakkara
Kevin Pietersen
Pragyan Ojha
Ishant Sharma
Amit Mishra
Shikhar Dhawan
JP Duminy
Michael Lumb
Juan Theron
Chris Lynn
Manpreet Gony
Daniel Christian

Mumbai Indians:
Rohit Sharma
Andrew Symonds
Davy Jacobs
Aiden Blizzard
Moises Henriques
Clint McKay
Munaf Patel

Chennai Super Kings:
R Ashwin
S Badrinath
Doug Bollinger
Michael Hussey
Dwayne Bravo
George Bailey
Suresh Randiv
Sudeep Tyagi
Nuwan Kulusekara
Joginder Sharma
Ben Hilfenhaus
Scott Styris

Rajasthan Royals:
Ross Taylor
Johan Botha
Rahul Dravid
Paul Collingwood
Pankaj Singh
Shaun Tait

Pune Warriors:
Robin Uthappa
Yuvraj Singh
Angelo Mathews -
Ashish Nehra
Graem Smith
Callum Ferguson
Tim Paine
Nathan McCullum

Murali Kartik
Jessy Ryder
Alfonso Thomas
Jerome Taylor
Mitchell Marsh
Wayne Parnell

Kochi:
Mahela Jayawardhane
Muttiah Muralitharan
Ravindra Jadeja
Sreesanth
RP Singh
Brendon McCullum
Brad Hodge
VVS Laxman
Parthiv Patel
Steven Smith
Ramesh Powar

John Hastings
Michale Klinger
Owais Shah
Steven O'Keffe
Vinay Kumar
Thisara Parera

Saturday, January 1, 2011

Clearing Browser's Cache Memory

Clearing Cache on Google Chrome

Close all browsers.
Open Google Chrome.
Click the icon on the menu.
Select Options.
Click the Under the Hood tab.
Click the Clear browsing data... button.
Click to check the Empty the cache box.
Click the Clear browsing data button.
Click the Close button.
Close and reopen the browser.

Clearing Cache on Safari 5.0 for Macintosh

Close all browsers.

Open Safari.

Go to a non-LexisNexis webpage.

Click the Safari menu and select Reset Safari.

Click to check the box Empty the Cache.

Click Reset.

Close and reopen the browser

Clearing Cache on AOL 9.0

Close all browsers.

Click Start, select Settings and Control Panel.

Double-click Internet Options.

Click Delete Files.

Click OK on the Delete Files dialog box.

Click OK.

Clearing Cache on Netscape^® Navigator 9.X

Close all browsers.

Open Netscape Navigator.

Go to a non-LexisNexis Web page.

Click Tools on the menu bar and select Options.

Click Privacy.

Click Clear Now under Clear Private Data.

Click to check the box Clear Cache.

Click Clear data now.

Click OK.

Close and reopen the browser.

Clearing Cache on Firefox 3.5

Close all browsers.

Open Firefox.

Click Tools on the menu bar and select Clear Recent History.

Select Everything from the Time range to clear drop-down list.

Click the down arrow next to Details.

Click to check the box Cache.
NOTE: Make sure to check Cache only.

Click Clear Now.

Click OK.

Close and reopen the browser.

Clearing Cache on Microsoft^® Internet Explorer 8.0

Close all browsers.

Open Internet Explorer.

Click Tools on the menu bar and select Internet Options.

Click Delete under Browsing History.

Uncheck every box except for Temporary Internet Files in the Delete Browsing History window.

Click Delete.

Click OK.

Close and reopen the browser.

Clearing Cache on a BlackBerry Handheld

Clearing the content caches clears both the rendered pages and server data:

Highlight the Browser icon and click the trackwheel.

Click the trackwheel again to display the Browser Options menu.

Scroll down to Options and click the trackwheel to open the Browser Options screen.

Scroll down to General Properties and click the trackwheel to open the General Properties screen.

Click the trackwheel to open the Cache menu.

Scroll down to Clear Content Caches and click the trackwheel to clear the cache and return to the General Properties screen.

Press Escape to page back to the main menu.

Friday, December 3, 2010

How to make windows xp genuine

Make your XP Genuine without Product Key

Here is a simple trick to activate windows without any product key.

When you have installed windows xp and try to activate you get messages like “your product key is not genuine or the number of activation has been exceeded” and then it tells you to call MIcrosoft to get the key, Instead of Going to this trouble, or instead of spending Hundred of dollars, to get a new genuine product, let us solve this problem by following way:

STEPS:-

Click on Start
Find and Click “Run”
Type regedit

Click the plus next to “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE”
Click the plus next to “SOFTWARE”
Click the plus next to “Microsoft”
Click the plus next to “Windows NT”
Click the plus next to “CurrentVersion”
Click “WPAEvents”
On the right panel, find “OOBETimer” then double click it.
Now, Delete all the Values by selecting it.

Then after that click OK,
Close the Registry Editor.
You can refresh your page now.
Goto Start > Run & type %systemroot%\system32\oobe\msoobe.exe /a

A dialog box of activate windows will open in front of you.
Select the middle option i.e Yes, I want to telephone a customer service representative to activate windows

Click on next.
Select change product key.

Enter the following in the Key : Make your XP GenuineTHMPV 77D6F 94376 8HGKG VRDRQ

Click on Update.
Select Remind Me Later.
Now Restart your computer. you have make your XP genuine now.

It worked for me, now try on your system & check whether its working or not.

Do not forget to put your valuable comment if it works for U.